Prey competition between sympatric Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on Lovushki Island, Russia

نویسندگان

  • J. N. Waite
  • V. N. Burkanov
چکیده

Approximately 1 000 Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776); SSL) and 14 000 northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus (L., 1758); NFS) breed sympatrically on Lovushki Island in the Russian Far East, creating the potential for interspecific competition for prey. An additional 13 000 – 14 000 juvenile NFS are present during the breeding season. The diets of breeding SSL and both breeding and juvenile NFS were examined through analysis of scats and spews collected during the breeding seasons of 2003, 2005, and 2007–2008. There were significant overlaps in the prey species and size selection of SSL and juvenile NFS. There were significant differences between the diets of SSL and breeding NFS. SSL and juvenile NFS fed primarily on Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas, 1810)), while breeding NFS fed on cephalopods, salmon (genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861), Atka mackerel, and northern smoothtongue (Leuroglossus schmidti Rass, 1955). The partitioning of resources between breeding animals has allowed both species to coexist within the same region and likely reflected differences in foraging abilities and provisioning strategies of the adults and the fasting abilities of their pups. However, continued growth of the NFS population may lead to the exclusion of SSL owing to interspecific competition for prey. Résumé : Environ 1 000 lions de mer de Steller (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776); SSL) et 14 000 otaries à fourrure du Nord (Callorhinus ursinus (L., 1758); NFS) se reproduisent en sympatrie sur l’île Lovushki dans l’Extrême-Orient russe, créant une situation potentielle de compétition pour les proies. De plus, 13 000 – 14 000 jeunes NFS sont aussi présents durant la saison de reproduction. Nous avons déterminé le régime alimentaire des SSL en reproduction et des NFS reproducteurs et jeunes par l’examen des défécations et des vomissements récoltés durant les saisons de reproduction de 2003, 2005 et 2007–2008. Il y a des chevauchements significatifs dans la sélection des espèces et des tailles de proies par les SSL et les jeunes NFS. Il existe des différences significatives de régime alimentaire entre les SSL et les NFS en reproduction. Les SSL et les jeunes NFS se nourrissent surtout de maquereaux d’Atka (Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas, 1810)), alors que les NFS en reproduction s’alimentent de céphalopodes, de saumons (genre Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861), de maquereaux d’Atka et de leuroglosses luisants (Leuroglossus schmidti Rass, 1955). Le partage des ressources entre les animaux reproducteurs permet aux deux espèces de cohabiter dans la même région et reflètent vraisemblablement des différences dans les habiletés de recherche de nourriture et les stratégies d’approvisionnement des adultes et les capacités de leurs petits à jeûner. Cependant, une croissance continue de la population de NFS pourrait mener à l’exclusion de SSL à cause de la compétition interspécifique pour les proies. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Feeding kinematics and performance of basal otariid pinnipeds, Steller sea lions and northern fur seals: implications for the evolution of mammalian feeding.

Feeding performance studies can address questions relevant to feeding ecology and evolution. Our current understanding of feeding mechanisms for aquatic mammals is poor. Therefore, we characterized the feeding kinematics and performance of five Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) and six northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). We tested the hypotheses that both species use suction as their...

متن کامل

Molecular systematics of pinniped hookworms (Nematoda: Uncinaria): species delimitation, host associations and host-induced morphometric variation.

Hookworms of the genus Uncinaria have been widely reported from juvenile pinnipeds, however investigations of their systematics has been limited, with only two species described, Uncinaria lucasi from northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and Uncinaria hamiltoni from South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens). Hookworms were sampled from these hosts and seven additional species including S...

متن کامل

High aerobic capacities in the skeletal muscles of pinnipeds: adaptations to diving hypoxia.

The objective was to assess the aerobic capacity of skeletal muscles in pinnipeds. Samples of swimming and nonswimming muscles were collected from Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus, n = 27), Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus, n = 5), and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina, n = 37) by using a needle biopsy technique. Samples were either immediately fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde or frozen in liq...

متن کامل

Prehistoric Marine Mammal Overki l l in the Northeastern Pacific: A Review of New Evidence

Prehistoric exploitation of marine mammals in the northeastern Pacific has been a subject of considerable attention since 1992 when Hildebrandt and Jones used an optimal foraging model to argue that when congregated in rookeries, seals and sea lions represent highly attractive resources vulnerable to overpredation. Using archaeofaunal data from sites along the Oregon and California coasts they ...

متن کامل

Hematology of free-ranging, lactating northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus.

Thirteen standard hematology values were determined for a healthy and growing population of free-ranging, lactating northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) from Lovushki Island in the Kuril Islands of far-east Russia. Results are presented from 24 females sampled between June and August during the 3-yr period of 2006-08. Hematologic values have been made available for future comparisons with t...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2011